Sulfur dioxide, a major contributor to acid rain, is an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the respiratory system’s ability to deal with all other pollutants.
(A) an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the respiratory system’s ability to deal
(B) an especially serious pollutant because of diminishing the respiratory system’s capability of dealing
(C) an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the capability of the respiratory system in dealing
(D) a specially serious pollutant because it diminishes the capability of the respiratory system to deal
(E) a specially serious pollutant because of diminishing the respiratory system’s ability to deal
The correct answer is 'A'. How we reached at it ?
(A) an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the respiratory system’s ability to deal
(B) an especially serious pollutant because of diminishing the respiratory system’s capability of dealing
(C) an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the capability of the respiratory system in dealing
(D) a specially serious pollutant because it diminishes the capability of the respiratory system to deal
(E) a specially serious pollutant because of diminishing the respiratory system’s ability to deal
The correct answer is 'A'. How we reached at it ?
there definitely isn't a firm distinction between the two; their definitions overlap to a great extent, if not completely.
what i would take from this example is that the gmat considers 'capability of X-ing' wordy/awkward, and prefers 'ability to X'. as a native english speaker, i would agree with the gmat makers on this: 'capability of dealing with' just sounds horrible to me.
so memorize this as a matter of idiomatic usage. there doesn't necessarily have to be a good reason; that's just the way it is.
sorry there's no concrete reason!
what i would take from this example is that the gmat considers 'capability of X-ing' wordy/awkward, and prefers 'ability to X'. as a native english speaker, i would agree with the gmat makers on this: 'capability of dealing with' just sounds horrible to me.
so memorize this as a matter of idiomatic usage. there doesn't necessarily have to be a good reason; that's just the way it is.
sorry there's no concrete reason!
[2]
Prohibit from + gerund ....CORRECT USAGE
A...prohibit from + the sale ( the sale is a noun)...WRONG USAGE
A...prohibit from + the sale ( the sale is a noun)...WRONG USAGE
d
[3]
His campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms finally successful, Sir Joseph Lister lent his name to the company that developed Listerine, the first antibacterial liquid.
A. His campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms finally successful
[ This option misses the verb, thus it can only act as a modifier to something. So here
it does modify Sir Lister. Its less expensive and clear]
B. Since his campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms had been eventually successful
C. Because of the eventual success of his campaigning for sanitary conditions in operating rooms
[ B and C try to use
Because/Since IC, IC kind of format. Which can also be correct ( I don't agree to people who say
it is not a cause-effect relation). But B uses "had been" were simple past can be used. And C uses
campaigning - campaign it self suggest a on going process. "of his campaigning" is akward.]
Even if B and C would have been correct, they are wordier than A !!
D. His campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms being eventually successful
[ being ]
E. Campaigning, eventually successfully, for conditions to be sanitary in operating rooms
[ changes the meaning of the sentence]
ACTIVE vs PASSIVE
A. His campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms finally successful
[ This option misses the verb, thus it can only act as a modifier to something. So here
it does modify Sir Lister. Its less expensive and clear]
B. Since his campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms had been eventually successful
C. Because of the eventual success of his campaigning for sanitary conditions in operating rooms
[ B and C try to use
Because/Since IC, IC kind of format. Which can also be correct ( I don't agree to people who say
it is not a cause-effect relation). But B uses "had been" were simple past can be used. And C uses
campaigning - campaign it self suggest a on going process. "of his campaigning" is akward.]
Even if B and C would have been correct, they are wordier than A !!
D. His campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms being eventually successful
[ being ]
E. Campaigning, eventually successfully, for conditions to be sanitary in operating rooms
[ changes the meaning of the sentence]
ACTIVE vs PASSIVE
The three women, liberal activists who strongly support legislation in favor of civil rightsand environmental protection, have consistently received labor’s unqualifying support.
A. have consistently received labor’s unqualifying support ( PASSIVE )
C. have consistently received the unqualified support of labor (ACTIVE ) => CORRECT
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